Metalworking makes use of a wide range of techniques, to be used according to the specific requirements of the project.
Sometimes, it is necessary to engrave the surface of the part to obtain the desired result: in these cases, two methods are used, namely mechanical engraving and laser engraving. The former involves the use of mechanical tools, such as a milling cutter; the latter uses a high-intensity beam of light to create various types of marks on the surface.
Let us delve into the characteristics and details of mechanical and laser engraving, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each.
What is Mechanical Engraving and How it Works
Mechanical engraving is a very common procedure in precision mechanics. It is carried out by suitably clamping the workpiece on the work table, and then begins with engraving using specific tools.
These are selected according to the nature and intended use of the object: usually, for deep or through machining, the milling cutter of a pantograph is used; while for surface marks, truncated cone burrs are more suitable.
The tool used rotates on itself at a very high speed, which can reach tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. The engraving phase is often accompanied by a further procedure, called enamelling, aimed at making the graphic-mechanical layouts produced more readable. The semi-finished product is washed and then enamelled using pneumatic pumps, screen printing fabrics or pressurised booths that spray paint.
The choice of the type of dye and the colouring process in accordance with the specific needs of the part lies with the professionals in the sector, who will be able to assess the best option on a case-by-case basis.
Not only metals, but also layered plastics can be mechanically engraved. One of the main advantages of this technique is the possibility of making deep or through engravings.
However, it also has some limitations, such as the difficulty in creating details and details, the wear of the cutter tip, which has to be replaced frequently, and the need for appropriate clamping of the workpiece to prevent it from moving during machining.
Mechanical Engraving for Third Parties
Mechanical metal engraving requires a certain amount of experience and expertise, as the use of specific machinery and tools is only possible with sound technical knowledge.
For this reason, it is not an operation that can be performed without the help of professionals, who are familiar with the properties of the material, the processing techniques and the safety precautions to be taken.
Bonanomi, precision mechanical workshop, provides its customers with mechanical machining for third parties operations, including engraving using mechanical pantographs.
These machines are capable of both diameter and linear engraving, guaranteeing a high level of accuracy and quality of the final result. Thanks to the collaboration with a specialised company, it is possible to obtain customised engravings that comply with requirements.
What is Laser Engraving and How it Works
As the name suggests, this type of processing uses a laser beam to remove the surface layer of the material.
By means of a lens system, the light is concentrated at a single point, generating a significant amount of heat: depending on the intensity of the exposure, the surface layer of the workpiece is vaporised or burnt. The result is a permanent engraving, which can be used for a variety of purposes, such as marking products or creating images. The materials on which it is possible to act are varied and do not only include metals and plastics: wood, stone, glass and textiles can all be processed.
Among its advantages are a high degree of precision, which allows even very small letters and decorations to be engraved, as well as a relative reduction in costs compared to mechanical engraving.
There is no need to clamp the workpiece or replace the tool used: the laser beam does not cause wear and tear, so it can be used countless times.
Types of Laser Engraving: Raster and Vector
Laser engraving is famous for its versatility, as it allows for different materials to be worked on for a boundless range of uses. However, the procedure is not uniform and there are two types: raster and vector.
Raster engraving is the most common technique, particularly suitable for creating full engravings on large surfaces.
Its main characteristic is the use of a raster to define the engraving pattern, a bitmap file composed of pixels. In practice, engraving is done by removing the points of the raster from the surface of the material, pixel by pixel or line by line.
Vector engraving, also known as scoring, is instead designed to create fine, precise lines. It uses a vector to define the engraving pattern, a series of lines and curves that are removed one by one from the workpiece.
The choice between one or the other depends on the specific requirements of each project, but both can offer extraordinarily precise and aesthetically satisfying results.
Bonanomi's Express Shop
Since 1946, Bonanomi has established itself as a leader in the precision mechanical sector in Italy. Its long experience and constant dedication have enabled the company to offer not only mechanical machining for third parties, but also a wide range of precision mechanical products of the highest quality and available for immediate delivery.
The Express Shop is a testament to Bonanomi's commitment to providing fast and reliable solutions to its customers.